What are İslam ilimleri?
İslam ilimleri, or Islamic sciences, are the disciplines that emerged from the main sources of Islam, namely the Qur'an and the Sunnah. They aim to understand, explain, preserve, transmit, apply, develop, and enrich the Islamic knowledge that is derived from these sources. İslam ilimleri cover a wide range of topics, such as theology, jurisprudence, spirituality, history, language, literature, art, culture, etc. In this article, we will briefly introduce some of the major fields and subfields of İslam ilimleri.
The main sources of İslam ilimleri
The Qur'an and the Sunnah are the primary and authoritative sources of Islamic knowledge. They are also the objects of study for many Islamic sciences that aim to explore their meanings, implications, applications, authenticity, validity, etc.
islamilimleri
The Qur'an and its sciences
The Qur'an is the word of God revealed to Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) in Arabic over a period of 23 years. It is composed of 114 chapters (surahs) that contain 6236 verses (ayat). It is the ultimate source of guidance, legislation, wisdom, mercy, healing, etc. for Muslims. It is also a miracle in terms of its language, style, structure, content, coherence, etc. The Qur'an has been preserved in its original form and transmitted with utmost accuracy and care by generations of Muslims. The Qur'an has also inspired many sciences that deal with its various aspects, such as:
Tafsir: The interpretation and explanation of the Qur'an
Tafsir is the science that aims to elucidate the meanings, contexts, implications, and applications of the Qur'anic verses. Tafsir can be based on the Qur'an itself, the Sunnah, the opinions of the companions and successors of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), the linguistic and rhetorical analysis of the Arabic language, the rational and logical reasoning, etc. Tafsir can also be classified into different types, such as thematic, chronological, comparative, etc. There are many books and scholars of tafsir in the history of Islam, such as Ibn Kathir, Al-Tabari, Al-Qurtubi, etc.
Meâl: The translation of the Qur'an into other languages
Meâl is the science that aims to convey the message and the essence of the Qur'an into other languages. Meâl is not considered as a substitute or an equivalent of the Qur'an, but rather as an approximation and a facilitation for those who do not understand Arabic. Meâl can also vary in terms of its style, approach, accuracy, clarity, etc. There are many translations of the Qur'an in different languages, such as English, Turkish, Urdu, etc.
Qira'at: The different recitations and readings of the Qur'an
Qira'at is the science that deals with the variations and differences in the recitation and pronunciation of the Qur'an. Qira'at are based on the different ways that Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) taught and recited the Qur'an to his companions. Qira'at are also related to the different dialects and accents of Arabic that existed at the time of revelation. Qira'at are not considered as contradictions or errors in the Qur'an, but rather as enrichments and diversifications of its expression and meaning. There are ten authentic and accepted qira'at in Islam, such as Hafs, Warsh, Qalun, etc.
Tecvid: The rules and principles of reciting the Qur'an
Tecvid is the science that teaches how to recite the Qur'an correctly and beautifully. Tecvid covers the aspects such as pronunciation, articulation, intonation, modulation, pausing, etc. Tecvid aims to preserve the accuracy and consistency of the Qur'anic recitation, as well as to enhance its aesthetic and spiritual value. Tecvid also helps to avoid mistakes and errors in reciting the Qur'an that may alter its meaning or cause confusion.
Sebeb-i Nüzul: The occasions and reasons of revelation
Sebeb-i Nüzul is the science that studies the historical and situational contexts that led to the revelation of certain verses or surahs of the Qur'an. Sebeb-i Nüzul helps to understand the background, purpose, relevance, and application of the Qur'anic verses. Sebeb-i Nüzul also helps to resolve some apparent contradictions or inconsistencies in the Qur'an by explaining their specific circumstances and conditions.
Îcâz-ül Quran: The inimitability and miraculousness of the Qur'an
Îcâz-ül Quran is the science that demonstrates how the Qur'an is a miracle from God that cannot be imitated or matched by any human or non-human being. Îcâz-ül Quran shows how the Qur'an surpasses all other forms of speech and literature in terms of its language, content, structure, coherence, consistency, wisdom, guidance, etc. Îcâz-ül Quran also shows how the Qur'an challenges its opponents and critics to produce something similar or better than it, but they fail to do so. Îcâz-ül Quran also proves how the Qur'an is beyond the human capacity and knowledge of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and his contemporaries, and how it contains scientific, historical, and prophetic facts that were unknown or impossible at the time of revelation.
Mûkattâ'at: The isolated letters at the beginning of some surahs
Mûkattâ'at is the science that studies the meanings and significances of the isolated letters that appear at the beginning of some surahs of the Qur'an. Mûkattâ'at are also known as huruf al-muqatta'a or alif-lam-mim. There are 29 surahs that start with one or more of these letters, such as Al-Baqarah, Al-Imran, Ya-Sin, etc. Mûkattâ'at are among the mysteries and secrets of the Qur'an that have not been fully explained or understood by humans. There are many opinions and interpretations about their meanings and purposes, such as being abbreviations, symbols, codes, names, oaths, etc.
islamilimleri nedir
islamilimleri tarihi
islamilimleri vikipedi
islamilimleri ansiklopedisi
islamilimleri dergisi
islamilimleri bölümü
islamilimleri kitapları
islamilimleri mezhepleri
islamilimleri fakülteleri
islamilimleri sempozyumu
islamilimleri araştırmaları
islamilimleri öğrenci kongresi
islamilimleri yüksek lisans
islamilimleri doktora
islamilimleri ders notları
islamilimleri forumu
islamilimleri podcast
islamilimleri youtube kanalı
islamilimleri blogu
islamilimleri instagram hesabı
islamilimleri twitter hesabı
islamilimleri facebook sayfası
islamilimleri eğitimi
islamilimleri öğretmenliği
islamilimleri akademisyenliği
islamilimleri kariyer yolları
islamilimleri bursları
islamilimleri yurtdışı eğitimi
islamilimleri online kursları
islamilimleri sertifika programları
islamilimleri web seminerleri
islamilimleri konferansları
islamilimleri çalıştayları
islamilimleri panelleri
islamilimleri röportajları
islamilimleri makaleleri
islamilimleri tezleri
islamilimleri projeleri
islamilimleri vakıfları
islamilimleri dernekleri
islamilimleri cemiyetleri
islamilimleri enstitüsü
islamilimleri merkezi
islamilimleri müzesi
islamilimleri kütüphanesi
islamilimleri arşivi
islamilimleri veritabanı
islamilimleri kaynakçası
islamilimleri sözlüğü
The Sunnah and its sciences
The Sunnah is the second source of Islamic knowledge after the Qur'an. It refers to the sayings, actions, and approvals of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) that were reported and recorded by his companions and followers. The Sunnah is also a model and an example for Muslims to follow in their beliefs, worship, morals, manners, etc. The Sunnah complements and explains the Qur'an in many aspects. The Sunnah has also inspired many sciences that deal with its various aspects, such as:
Hadith: The sayings, actions and approvals of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)
Hadith is the science that collects, records, transmits, classifies, authenticates, interprets, and applies the reports of the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). Hadith can be classified into different types based on their sources, chains of narration, contents, etc. Hadith can also be graded into different levels of authenticity and reliability, such as sahih (sound), hasan (good), daif (weak), etc. There are many books and scholars of hadith in the history of Islam, such as Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud, etc.
Cerh ve Ta'dil: The evaluation and verification of hadith narrators
Cerh ve Ta'dil is the science that examines and evaluates the credibility and reliability of the narrators who transmitted the hadiths from Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) to later generations. Cerh ve Ta'dil is based on criteria such as honesty, memory, piety, knowledge, etc. of the narrators. Cerh ve Ta'dil also identifies and exposes the narrators who are accused or suspected of lying, fabricating, forgetting, contradicting, etc. the hadiths. Cerh ve Ta'dil helps to determine the authenticity and validity of the hadiths based on their chains of narration.
Hadith ihtilafı: The resolution and reconciliation of conflicting hadiths
Hadith ihtilafı is the science that deals with the apparent or real contradictions or inconsistencies among the hadiths. Hadith ihtilafı tries to find the causes and reasons of these conflicts, such as different contexts, conditions, meanings, abrogations, specifications, etc. Hadith ihtilafı also tries to find the solutions and reconciliations for these conflicts, such as preferring one hadith over another, combining them, interpreting them, etc.
İlel-il-hadis: The identification and analysis of defective hadiths
İlel-il-hadis is the science that detects and analyzes the hidden defects and flaws in the hadiths that may affect their authenticity and reliability. İlel-il-hadis is based on a careful and critical examination of the chains of narration, the texts, and the contents of the hadiths. İlel-il-hadis also explains the types and categories of these defects, such as interruption, contradiction, confusion, alteration, addition, omission, etc.
Garib-ul hadîs: The clarification and interpretation of rare and obscure hadiths
Garib-ul hadîs is the science that clarifies and interprets the rare and obscure words, expressions, terms, etc. that are used in some hadiths. Garib-ul hadîs is based on the linguistic and lexical analysis of the Arabic language, as well as the contextual and historical analysis of the hadiths. Garib-ul hadîs also helps to avoid misunderstanding or misinterpreting the meanings and implications of these rare and obscure hadiths.
Nasih ve Mensuh: The abrogation and replacement of hadiths
Nasih ve Mensuh is the science that studies the cases where some hadiths are abrogated or replaced by other hadiths due to certain reasons or circumstances. Nasih ve Mensuh is similar to the concept of abrogation in the Qur'an, where some verses are abrogated or replaced by other verses. Nasih ve Mensuh helps to understand the evolution and development of Islamic legislation and guidance through different stages and situations.
The Sira and its sciences
The Sira is another source of Islamic knowledge that is related to the Sunnah. It refers to the biography and history of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) that were reported and recorded by his companions and followers. The Sira is also a model and an example for Muslims to follow in their beliefs, worship, morals, manners, etc. The Sira also complements and explains the Qur'an and the Sunnah in many aspects. The Sira has also inspired many sciences that deal with its various aspects, such as:
Sira: The biography and history of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)
Sira is the science that collects, records, transmits, classifies, authenticates, interprets, and applies the reports of the life and times of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). Sira covers the aspects such as his birth, childhood, youth, prophethood, migration, battles, treaties, miracles, family, companions, death, etc. Sira also covers the aspects such as the political, social, economic, cultural, religious, etc. conditions and events that occurred during his lifetime. Sira also helps to understand the context and relevance of the Qur'anic verses and the hadiths that were revealed or reported during his lifetime. There are many books and scholars of sira in the history of Islam, such as Ibn Ishaq, Ibn Hisham, Al-Waqidi, etc.
Maghazi: The battles and expeditions of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)
Maghazi is the science that studies the details and outcomes of the battles and expeditions that Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) participated in or commanded during his lifetime. Maghazi covers the aspects such as the causes, objectives, strategies, tactics, participants, enemies, allies, casualties, spoils, etc. of these battles and expeditions. Maghazi also shows how Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) dealt with war and peace in Islam. Maghazi also helps to understand the lessons and morals that can be derived from these battles and expeditions. There are many books and scholars of maghazi in the history of Islam, such as Ibn Sa'd, Al-Waqidi, Al-Tabari, etc.
Tabakat: The classification and description of the companions and successors of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)
Tabakat is the science that classifies and describes the companions and successors of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) according to their ranks, merits, virtues, Kalam and its sciences
Kalam is the branch of İslam ilimleri that deals with the rational and philosophical theology of Islam. Kalam aims to prove and defend the fundamental beliefs and doctrines of Islam using logical arguments and evidences. Kalam also aims to refute and reject the false and deviant beliefs and opinions that contradict or oppose Islam. Kalam also explores the topics such as God, His attributes, His names, His actions, His will, His decree, etc. Kalam also covers the topics such as the creation, the human, the prophethood, the revelation, the afterlife, etc. Kalam has also developed many sciences that deal with its various aspects, such as:
Kalam: The rational and philosophical theology of Islam
Kalam is the science that studies the principles, methods, sources, and objectives of Islamic theology. Kalam is based on the use of reason and evidence to establish and support the Islamic creed (aqidah). Kalam is also based on the use of reason and evidence to refute and reject the arguments and claims of other religions, sects, philosophies, etc. that contradict or oppose Islam. Kalam is also based on the use of reason and evidence to explain and clarify the issues and questions that arise in Islamic theology. Kalam is also based on the use of reason and evidence to reconcile and harmonize the apparent or real conflicts or contradictions between revelation and reason, or between different sources or interpretations of revelation.
İtikadî mezhepler: The doctrinal and theological schools of thought in Islam
İtikadî mezhepler are the science that studies the different doctrinal and theological schools of thought that emerged in Islam. İtikadî mezhepler are based on the recognition and respect of the diversity and plurality of opinions and interpretations in Islamic theology. İtikadî mezhepler are also based on the analysis and evaluation of the similarities and differences among these opinions and interpretations. İtikadî mezhepler are also based on the identification and classification of these opinions and interpretations according to their sources, methods, evidences, arguments, etc. İtikadî mezhepler are also based on the dialogue and debate among these opinions and interpretations to reach a better understanding and appreciation of Islamic theology.
İslam İlâhiyatı: The Islamic studies of God, His attributes, His names, His actions, His will, His decree, etc.
İslam İlâhiyatı is the science that studies God, His attributes, His names, His actions, His will, His decree, etc. İslam İlâhiyatı is based on the revelation and reason as the main sources of knowledge about God. İslam İlâhiyatı is also based on the affirmation and negation as the main methods of describing God. İslam İlâhiyatı is also based on the balance and moderation as the main principles of understanding God. İslam İlâhiyatı also covers the topics such as the oneness and uniqueness of God, the names and attributes of God, the actions and will of God, the decree and destiny of God, etc.
Fiqh and its sciences
Fiqh is the branch of İslam ilimleri that deals with the jurisprudence and legal rulings of Islam. Fiqh aims to derive and deduce the laws and regulations that govern the actions and interactions of Muslims in various aspects of life, such as worship, transactions, family, society, etc. Fiqh also aims to apply and implement these laws and regulations in accordance with the changing circumstances and conditions of time and place. Fiqh also explores the topics such as the sources, objectives, categories, conditions, etc. of Islamic law. Fiqh has also developed many sciences that deal with its various aspects, such as:
Fiqh: The jurisprudence and legal rulings of Islam
Fiqh is the science that studies the principles, methods, sources, and objectives of Islamic jurisprudence. Fiqh is based on the use of deduction and induction to derive and deduce the legal rulings from the sources of Islamic law, namely the Qur'an, the Sunnah, the consensus (ijma), and the analogy (qiyas). Fiqh is also based on the use of interpretation and application to apply and implement these legal rulings in accordance with the changing circumstances and conditions of time and place. Fiqh is also based on the use of classification and categorization to divide these legal rulings into different types, such as obligatory (fard), recommended (mandub), permissible (mubah), disliked (makruh), forbidden (haram), etc.
Fıkıh usûlü: The methodology and principles of deriving fiqh from the sources
Fıkıh usûlü is the science that studies the methodology and principles of deriving fiqh from the sources of Islamic law. Fıkıh usûlü is based on the analysis and evaluation of the sources of Islamic law, such as their authenticity, validity, authority, scope, etc. Fıkıh usûlü is also based on Fıkıh usûlü is the science that studies the methodology and principles of deriving fiqh from the sources of Islamic law. Fıkıh usûlü is based on the analysis and evaluation of the sources of Islamic law, such as their authenticity, validity, authority, scope, etc. Fıkıh usûlü is also based on the deduction and induction methods to derive and deduce the legal rulings from these sources. Fıkıh usûlü is also based on the interpretation and application methods to apply and implement these legal rulings in accordance with the changing circumstances and conditions of time and place. Fıkıh usûlü is also based on the classification and categorization methods to divide these legal rulings into different types, such as obligatory (fard), recommended (mandub), permissible (mubah), disliked (makruh), forbidden (haram), etc.
Fıkıh usûlü is one of the most important and central branches of İslam ilimleri. It is not only the foundation of fiqh, but also the methodology of other Islamic disciplines. It has a long and rich history that dates back to the time of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and his companions. It has also developed and diversified over time with the emergence of different schools of thought and opinions in Islamic jurisprudence. Fıkıh usûlü has also produced many books and scholars that have contributed to the advancement and enrichment of Islamic knowledge.
Some examples of books and scholars of fıkıh usûlü are:
Al-Risala by Imam al-Shafi'i: This is one of the earliest and most influential works on fıkıh usûlü. It lays down the basic principles and sources of Islamic jurisprudence, such as the Qur'an, the Sunnah, the consensus (ijma), and the analogy (qiyas). It also discusses some issues such as abrogation, preference, public interest, etc.
Al-Mustasfa by Imam al-Ghazali: This is one of the most comprehensive and systematic works on fıkıh usûlü. It covers all aspects of Islamic jurisprudence, such as its definition, objectives, sources, methods, types, etc. It also addresses some topics such as language, logic, evidence, certainty, probability, etc.
Al-Burhan by Imam al-Juwayni: This is one of the most detailed and analytical works on fıkıh usûlü. It focuses on the epistemological and logical aspects of Islamic jurisprudence, such as its foundations, criteria, proofs, arguments, etc. It also deals with some topics such as induction, deduction, syllogism, analogy, etc.
Al-Mu'tamad by Imam al-Sarakhsi: This is one of the most practical and applied works on fıkıh usûlü. It explains how to derive and apply the legal rulings from the sources of Islamic law in various cases and situations. It also illustrates how to resolve and reconcile the conflicting or contradictory opinions and interpretations in Islamic jurisprudence.
Tasawwuf and its sciences
Tasawwuf is the branch of İslam ilimleri that deals with the spirituality and mysticism of Islam. Tasawwuf aims to purify and refine the soul and heart of Muslims from worldly attachments and sins. Tasawwuf also aims to attain and experience Here is the continuation of the article:
Tarikatlar: The orders and paths of tasawwuf in Islam
Tarikatlar are the science that studies the different orders and paths of tasawwuf in Islam. Tarikatlar are based on the recognition and respect of the diversity and plurality of ways and methods to attain and experience God in Islam. Tarikatlar are also based on the analysis and evaluation of the similarities and differences among these ways and methods. Tarikatlar are also based on the identification and classification of these ways and methods according to their founders, teachings, practices, etc. Tarikatlar are also based on the dialogue and debate among these ways and methods to reach a better understanding and appreciation of tasawwuf.
Tarikatlar are one of the most popular and widespread branches of İslam ilimleri. They have attracted millions of Muslims throughout history and across the world. They have also contributed to the development and enrichment of Islamic culture, art, literature, etc. They have also faced some challenges and criticisms from some groups and movements that accused them of being deviant or heretical. Tarikatlar have also produced many books and scholars that have defended and explained their doctrines and practices.
Some examples of books and scholars of tarikatlar are:
Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya by Imam al-Qushayri: This is one of the earliest and most influential works on tarikatlar. It introduces the main concepts, terms, stages, states, etc. of tasawwuf. It also presents the biographies and sayings of some of the most prominent Sufis in history.
Al-Hikam al-Ata'iyya by Ibn Ata Allah al-Iskandari: This is one of the most concise and profound works on tarikatlar. It consists of 264 aphorisms that summarize the essence and wisdom of tasawwuf. It also provides guidance and advice for the seekers of God.
Futuhat al-Makkiyya by Ibn Arabi: This is one of the most comprehensive and complex works on tarikatlar. It covers all aspects of tasawwuf, such as its metaphysics, cosmology, psychology, ethics, etc. It also reveals some of the secrets and mysteries of tasawwuf.
Kashf al-Mahjub by Ali Hujwiri: This is one of the most popular and accessible works on tarikatlar. It explains the basic principles and practices of tasawwuf. It also describes the different orders and paths of tasawwuf in Islam.
Zühd ve Takva: The asceticism and piety in tasawwuf in Islam
Zühd ve Takva are the science that studies the asceticism and piety in tasawwuf in Islam. Zühd ve Takva are based on the renunciation and detachment from the worldly pleasures and desires in tasawwuf in Islam. Zühd ve Takva are also based on the obedience and submission to God and His commands in tasawwuf in Islam. Zühd ve Takva are also based on the purification and refinement of the soul and heart from the diseases and vices that prevent one from attaining and experiencing God in tasawwuf in Islam. Zühd ve Takva also cover the topics such as the virtues and benefits of asceticism and piety, the levels and degrees of asceticism and piety, the signs and indicators of asceticism and piety, etc.
Zühd ve Takva are one of the most essential and fundamental branches of İslam ilimleri. They are not only the prerequisites and conditions of tasawwuf, but also the goals and outcomes of tasawwuf. They are also the means and ways of achieving and expressing the love and devotion to God in tasawwuf. They have a long and rich history that dates back to the time of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and his companions. They have also developed and diversified over time with the emergence of different orders and paths of tasawwuf. Zühd ve Takva have also produced many books and scholars that have inspired and guided Muslims in their spiritual journey.
Some examples of books and scholars of zühd ve takva are:
Kitab al-Zuhd by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal: This is one of the earliest and most authentic works on zühd ve takva. It contains hundreds of narrations from Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and his companions about their asceticism and piety.
Ihya Ulum al-Din by Imam al-Ghazali: This is one of the most comprehensive and influential works on zühd ve takva. It covers all aspects of Islamic spirituality, such as worship, ethics, manners, etc. It also provides practical advice and tips on how to attain and maintain asceticism and piety.
Al-Hikam by Ibn Ata Allah al-Iskandari: This is one of the most concise and profound works on zühd ve takva. It consists of 264 aphorisms that summarize the essence and wisdom of Islamic spirituality. It also provides guidance and advice for the seekers of God.
Al-Risala al-Qushayriyya by Imam al-Qushayri: This is one of the most popular and accessible works on zühd ve takva. It explains the basic principles and practices of Islamic spirituality. It also presents the biographies and sayings of some of the most prominent Sufis in history.
Conclusion
In this article, we have briefly introduced some of the major fields and subfields of İslam ilimleri, or Islamic sciences. We have seen how İslam ilimleri emerged from the main sources of Islam, namely the Qur'an and the Sunnah, and how they aim to understand, explain, preserve, transmit, apply, develop, and enrich the Islamic knowledge that is derived from these sources. We have also seen how İslam ilimleri cover a wide range of topics, such as theology, jurisprudence, spirituality, history, language, literature, art, culture, etc. We hope that this article has given you a glimpse of the richness and diversity of İslam ilimleri, and has inspired you to learn more about them.
FAQs
Q: What is the difference between İslam ilimleri and İslamiyat?
A: İslam ilimleri are the Islamic sciences that are based on the sources and principles of Islam. İslamiyat are the Islamic studies that are based on the academic and interdisciplinary approaches to Islam.
Q: What is the difference between fiqh and sharia?
A: Fiqh is the jurisprudence and legal rulings of Islam that are derived from the sources of Islamic law. Sharia is the law and way of life of Islam that encompasses all aspects of human life.
Q: What is the difference between tasawwuf and sufism?
A: Tasawwuf is the spirituality and mysticism of Islam that are based on the teachings and practices of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and his companions. Sufism is the term that is used by some Western scholars and orientalists to refer to tasawwuf.
Q: What is the difference between kalam and philosophy?
A: Kalam is the rational and philosophical theology of Islam that are based on the revelation and reason as the main sources of knowledge about God. Philosophy is the term that is used by some Western scholars and orientalists to refer to kalam.
Q: What is the difference between sira and tarikh?
A: Sira is the biography and history of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) that are based on the reports and narrations of his companions and followers. Tarikh is the term that is used by some Western scholars and orientalists to refer to sira.
44f88ac181
コメント